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Susvimo is the first and only FDA-approved, continuous delivery treatment shown to maintain vision in people with DR with just one refill every 9 months

FDA expands Susvimo’s indications to include diabetic retinopathy

New research reveals how low blood sugar can damage the retina in diabetes, highlighting potential treatments targeting specific proteins to prevent vision loss.

Hypoglycemia may promote a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, study finds

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Susana Marcos, PhD, discusses the implications her research presents for the role optical coherence tomography (OCT) could play in presbyopia and myopia accommodation efforts.

ARVO 2025: Lens thickness as a significant biomarker for accommodation in presbyopia

The novel intraocular lens works to restore dynamic range of vision following cataract surgery.

US FDA gives Atia Vision go-ahead to begin clinical study of the OmniVu Lens System

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Vision deficit associated with stroke is common, and many ODs will see these patients in their chairs

Vision rehabilitation of patients with stroke

There is a role for optometrists in diagnosis and treatment of these conditions

Review Chiari-related diseases and associated ocular symptoms

ODs’ guide to MRIs

 How to diagnose a swollen optic nerve 

Ophthalmic technologies company Intalight has announced that its DREAM OCT platform received a CE Mark through the European Union.

 The new version of optical coherence tomography (OCT) “provides the highest quality OCT images currently on the market,” according to a news release.

"Intalight is incredibly proud to receive CE mark approval in Europe for our DREAM OCT," said Intalight Chairman and Founder Shawn Peng in the release. "This achievement allows us to provide ophthalmologists in Europe with state-of-the-art technology that delivers improved results for their patients."

DREAM is an acronym for deep imaging depth, rapid sweeping speed, extensive scan range, accurate results, and multimodal imaging capabilities. The device has the capability of covering an ultrawide single scan, delivering a 130-degree optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) image. With swept-source 12 mm super-depth scanning, the DREAM OCT is able to image a large portion of the vitreous space, in addition to providing quality imaging of the choroid and retina. The super-depth anterior scanning achieves 16.2 mm (in air), which allows for the complete anterior segment, from the cornea to the anterior part of the vitreous, to be scanned in a single scan.

 The device’s capabilities for longer wavelength allow for the penetration through opacities in either the lens or vitreous, the release stated.

"Over the past few years, we've heard from eye care professionals that they need a solution that gets them over the imaging finish line with speed, accuracy, and depth," said Intalight CEO and Cofounder Bing Li in the release. "DREAM OCT delivers a full set of imaging modalities for the most challenging clinical and research applications for the retina and outperforms everything else health care providers know."

Intalight also noted that more than 160 peer-reviewed papers have utilized findings from DREAM OCT devices thus far.

 One of the most recent studies, published in 

examined the macular sensitivity using microperimetry in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy following vitrectomy. The relationship between the sensitivity and foveal microstructures with OCT/OCTA was also assessed. A total of 84 patients (84 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy indicated for vitrectomy were included in the study, among other inclusion criteria. LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity, macular sensitivity of microperimetry, macular retinal thickness, and macular vessel perfusion using OCT/OCTA were all examined at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

“Postoperative mean macular sensitivity was significantly correlated with outer retinal thickness and deep capillary plexus perfusion for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy,” the study authors stated. The authors were led by first author Manqiao Wang, MD, PhD, of Tiangin Key Laboratory of Retinal Function and Diseases, the Tiangin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, the Eye Institute and School of Optometry, and the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, all in Tianjin, Chian.

DREAM OCT devices are currently being utilized in retina academic institutions and retina private practices in the US, Europe, and Asia, according to Intalight.

"This is such exciting news for Intalight that there's no more waiting in Europe, and we look forward to being able to provide this innovative solution in the US," said Intalight Chief Commercial Officer Joe Garibaldi in the release. "We look forward to continuing to grow our prestigious network of global institutions and ophthalmologists with our recent CE approval and eventually our FDA approval."

Intalight receives CE Mark for its progressive DREAM OCT swept source imaging. News release. PR Newswire. May 15, 2025. Accessed May 19, 2025. 

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/intalight-receives-ce-mark-for-its-progressive-dream-oct-swept-source-imaging-302454390.html

Wang M, Shao Y, Gong Y, et al. Association of macular structure with microperimetry sensitivity following vitrectomy for proliferate diabetic retinopathy. 

DREAM is an acronym for deep imaging depth, rapid sweeping speed, extensive scan range, accurate results, and multimodal imaging capabilities. 

Intalight's DREAM OCT platform receives CE Mark

A recent study has shown the potential role artificial intelligence (AI) systems could play in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screenings. Study authors, led by Hasan Nawaz Tahir, MS, of the Department of Community Medicine at both the College of Medicine, Dwadimi, Shaqra University in Shaqra, Saudi Arabia, and the Khyber Medical College Peshawar in Peshawar, Pakistan, found in their systematic review and meta-analysis that the systems were able to achieve high sensitivity and specificity values, particularly in undilated eye screenings.

“These results highlight that AI systems, especially in undilated eye conditions, show promise for clinical use with reliable sensitivity and specificity, but variations exist depending on the system and clinical setting,” the study authors stated.

Researchers conducted a literature search for AI and manual screening methods of DR using PubMed and Google Scholar in order to identify relevant studies to include in the research that was published between January 2015 and September 2024. A second search was then done on February 2025, in which 13 additional studies were added to make a total of 25 included studies. Those that were included if they were observational or validation, in additional to evaluating AI algorithms or manual screenings for DR in patients from 15 to 90 years old that were diagnosed with DR and reported sensitivity and specificity outcomes for either dilated or undilated eye conditions, according to researchers. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool for validation studies, the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. They were also assessed for quality by 2 independent reviewers to evaluation selection bias, outcome/exposure assessment bias, follow-up bias, measurement bias, sample representativeness, reporting bias, index test bias, reference standard bias, flow and timing bias, and ethical considerations bias. Studies that were excluded were those that did not report the outcomes of interest, if the author of the studies did not respond to interest queries, or if the full text was not available to the study authors.

In total, 613,690 images used for screening were included in the study. For undilated eyes, AI screening had a pooled sensitivity of 0.90 [95% CI: 0.85-0.94] and pooled specificity of 0.94 [95% CI: 0.91-0.96]. Manual screening images had a pooled sensitivity of 0.79 [95% CI: 0.60-0.91] and pooled specificity of 0.99 [95% CI: 0.98-0.99]. As for dilated eyes, the pooled sensitivity of AI screening is 0.95 [95% CI: 0.91-0.97] and pooled specificity is 0.87 [95% CI: 0.79-0.92]; dilated eyes with manual screening sensitivity is 0.90 [95% CI: 0.87-0.92] and specificity is 0.99 [95% CI: 0.99-1.00].

“AI-assisted screening for diabetic retinopathy shows comparable sensitivity and specificity compared to manual screening,” the study authors stated. “These results suggest that AI can be a reliable alternative in clinical settings, with increased early detection rates and reducing the burden on ophthalmologists.”

The study authors also made note of the heterogeneity in the studies included in terms of study settings, photographic protocols, and reference standards, with reference standards for manual grading differing across studies, among other limitations. The researchers also concluded that since some of the studies had a moderate risk of bias, which could lead to overestimation or underestimation of accuracy.

 “To ensure that AI systems are safe and effective for real-world use, evaluations need to be conducted in representative clinical settings. Systems should be tested on a wide range of image qualities, and medical settings,” the study authors noted.

Tahir HN, Ullah N, Tahir M, et al. Artificial intelligence versus manual screening for the detection of diabetic retinopathy: a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis. 

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1519768

In total, 613,690 images used for screening were included in the study.

AI systems demonstrate promising potential for DR screening, study finds

Neda Shamie, MD; Selina McGee, OD, FAAO, Dipl ABO; and Jacob Lang, OD, FAAO; provided their insights during CIME 2025 on May 4.

CIME 2025: What you missed in presbyopia tips, tricks, and updates

A plethora of topics were discussed from a collaborative care perspective at this year's annual Controversies in Modern Eye Care (CIME) conference in Los Angeles, California. From lenses to eye drops, presbyopia was a particularly hot topic on May 4. Neda Shamie, MD; Selina McGee, OD, FAAO, Dipl ABO; and Jacob Lang, OD, FAAO, detail key takeaways on presbyopia from CIME 2025.

Pharmacological presbyopia treatment is definitely something that we've been thinking about for a long time. It is a kind of a holy grail of eye care. Everyone over the age of 45 develops presbyopia, so to have a solution to bridge those patients until they develop cataracts or significant symptomatic changes of their vision, it's really important to think about solutions for our patients and eye drops. Presbyopia drops are a fantastic option for the right patient. It's ideal for that niche patient, the one who's between 45 and about 55 who is starting to have presbyopia. 

An ideal patient would be an emmetrope who's really enjoyed excellent vision for a long time and is starting to have difficulty with their near vision. There's really no surgical grade option for them. Definitely, spectacles are great. Contact lenses with mono vision are great, but then drops offer an additive, or kind of a complementary option for these patients. What's exciting are all the improvements in the presbyopia drop kind of options that we have available. Thus far, we have had the 1.25% pilocarpine, which has been great and some patients really respond nicely to it. But because of the higher concentration of the pilocarpine, there are [adverse] effects associated with it. 

So now recently, there was a new eye drop the pilocarpine 0.4% that has been FDA approved and available to us. Really exciting, lower concentration of pilocarpine, less [adverse] effect profile and yet equal response. The vehicle of this drop is soothing to the ocular surface. And really it's 2-in-1 in a sense. And many of these patients really have ocular surface disease that contributes to their visual problems. And so the new 0.4% pilocarpine offers ocular surface soothing effect with a vehicle together with a lower dose of pilocarpine.

Presbyopia is one of those really frustrating conditions for patients, and they don't understand all their options. They don't even understand that they can have multiple options. And I think that's the biggest key, is we want to prescribe for specific situations, and that might be a pair of spectacles and a therapeutic drop, it might be contact lenses and spectacles and a therapeutic drop, it might be a surgical option and a therapeutic drop. So I think we have to get out of this mindset. And our patients certainly don't understand this, that there's more than one option, and they're allowed to have more than one option, and so I think it's just really important that we give patients all of the available therapies and all the available technologies we have great candidates for therapeutic interventions with presbyopia are patients that are motivated.

Ultimately, it's not finding the right exact prescription or the right exact pupil size. It's more about is the patient motivated to try something different and be less dependent on their current technology. When you are examining your patient and you're talking about pharmaceutical options for presbyopia, you're going to do everything that you already do. It's going to make sure that the patient is a good candidate for the prescription therapy, and that means looking at their retina, whether it's a wild field photo or it's a dilated eye exam, as long as you can look and make sure they don't have any retinal pathology or anything else that would preclude them from being able to use it. It's the things that you and I already do. So just make sure that patient's had a comprehensive eye exam and then move forward with your therapies from there.

What excites me most about pharmacological correction for presbyopia is really a new option. The flexibility that pharmacological options give our patients to use it when they need it, and be able to give them some freedom, flexibility and lifestyle options for their busy lives and busy careers through these busy presbyopic years is really what excites me most. 

Some of the barriers that patients run into with regard to pharmacologic correction and presbyopia, I think one of the biggest ones is their providers. [It] is actually the doctors not knowing what options are out there with regards to pharmacologic correction and how those pharmacologic options might benefit their patients in their chairs. So furthering their education, embracing new things. I think that's the biggest thing and the biggest barrier to patients getting access to these options. When we're thinking about our patients and taking care of our patients, if we're prescribing any sort of treatment option, we want to do the best for our patients first, right? Do no harm. So we've got to take care of our patients from tee to green, from ocular surface to retina, optic nerve, we've got to take care of the entire patient. And that's why it's so important that we're the doctor, that this is really, you know, we're talking about presbyopia correction with pharmaceuticals. This is an eye drop in an eye drug. And so eye doctors need to take the role there and be the doctor. Take care of the entirety of the globe, the entirety of their ocular health from front to back.

Neda Shamie, MD; Selina McGee, OD, FAAO, Dipl ABO; and Jacob Lang, OD, FAAO, provided their insights during CIME 2025 on May 4.

Conference

A recent study has further underscored the potential of retinal imaging as a noninvasive and accessible screening tool for Alzheimer disease in a multimodal model that utilizes retinal and blood-based biomarkers that have been used to detect the disease.

 The study, led by first author Swetha Ravichandran, PhD student at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, found that combining retinal and blood-based biomarkers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly when using threonine-217 (p-tau 217) and plasma amyloidogenic beta residue 42/40 ratio (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio).

“This could revolutionize early AD detection, facilitating earlier intervention, and improved disease management,” the study authors stated.

The study authors also noted that while previous studies have shown that blood-based and retinal biomarkers have shown potential to identify patients that may be at risk for Alzheimer disease, integrating the 2 types of biomarkers has not been adequately assessed in preclinical Alzheimer disease.

 “This concept introduces a novel and synergistic approach to improve screening accuracy and predictive capability for early AD detection,” the researchers stated.

By using a multimodal receiver operating characteristic model based on retinal biomarkers (gliosis area, inner inferior retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] thickness) and plasma biomarkers (p-tau217 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio), researchers observed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (95% CI = 0.93–1.01) when compared to unimodal models of retinal and plasma biomarkers. Researchers also evaluated the diagnostic value of neurofilament light (NfL) and threonine-181 (p-tau181).

“A single retinal biomarker may not be sensitive or specific to AD. This is because these retinal biomarkers are also affected by other retinal diseases. Even though we clinically excluded comorbid retinal conditions, it is difficult to distinguish preclinical manifestations of these comorbid retinal conditions from retinal changes that occur in preclinical AD,” the study authors stated. “For example, putative retinal gliosis is indicated in other retinal conditions that have neuroinflammatory components such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and [epiretinal membrane]. While the above retinal diseases were clinically excluded from our study, it is possible that some of the retinal changes observed could be preclinical manifestations of these conditions.”

A total of 82 cognitively unimpaired participants, and 141 eyes, who were previously involved in the Atlas of Retinal Imaging in Alzheimer’s Study (ARIAS), were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for the study included the absence of or controlled hypertension (blood pressure < 140/90), hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol ≤ 240 mg/dL), and systemic diabetes (HbA1c ≤ 7). All eyes in the study had a best corrected visual acuity of ≥ 20/40 (~ Log MAR 0.30) and refractive errors ≤ ± 3.00 DS (spherical equivalent) or equivalent axial lengths (range: 22–24 mm) in order to prevent any significant differences in the retinal magnification, per the Bennett formula.

Participants also underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment using the MoCA and the RBANS-U. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography images were obtained, and plasma sampling and analysis were conducted for the study. With 32 participants having received recent Aβ PET neuroimaging, the results were also made available to the ARIAS study team.

A significant correlation was also found between putative retinal gliosis and p-tau217 in the univariate mixed model (

 = .007) but not for the other plasma biomarkers evaluated (

 > .05). Additionally, a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 92% was observed in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio.

Study authors noted that future research should work to validate the findings of the study in larger, more diverse populations, in addition to evaluating the longitudinal impact of retinal changes in Alzheimer disease progression. Biological mechanisms linking the disease pathology to putative retinal gliosis could also provide an opportunity to understand more about said pathology and therapeutic targets.

Ravichandran S, Snyder PJ, Alber J. Association and multimodal model of retinal and blood-based biomarkers for detection of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. 

2025;17:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01668-5

The recent study details the diagnostic value of a multimodal model utilizing both types of biomarkers when compared with unimodal models.

Researchers find Alzheimer disease detection potential in blood-based, retinal biomarkers

At this year’s ASCRS meeting, the Eye Care Network sat down with Karl Stonecipher, MD, to discuss some of the most exciting clinical outcomes and technological advancements in refractive surgery—particularly in the treatment of high myopia. Stonecipher shared insights from a recent trial using the Teneo laser platform (Bausch + Lomb), highlighting its speed, precision, and patient-centered design. He delves into real-world outcomes, including a remarkable 98% to 99% satisfaction rate among patients, minimal dysphotopsias, and stable postoperative vision, even in high myopes.

Q&A with Karl Stonecipher, MD, about LASIK results in patients with high myopia

Q: What were the key figures that we were kind of excited about with regard to outcomes in this particular arm of the trial? 

So we're really looking at high myopia. So we're talking about -8. The average for the study was about -5, -5.6, but I want to go back and say what I'm excited about the laser first, and what the laser does to get the outcomes. It's a GUI interface, which is really easy to understand. My staff loves that. It's very comfortable for the patient, and it's extremely fast at 1.2 seconds per diopter. I think a lot of that has to do with the outcomes of over 98% of the patients doing extremely well and very satisfied with the outcomes, with amazing stability.

Q: What kind of dysphotopsias are we seeing post LASIK with this laser platform, and how do the patients report that and respond to it? 

Since we all know that when we first started with higher myopes, we're concerned about spherical aberration, and we're actually showing that we're getting improvement from baseline to present day. And so what happens is, patients come in, we don't see as much glare and halos. The PROWL questionnaire is obviously what we use, and we show improvements across all platforms at this high level, and we don't see dysphotopsias like we saw with a lot of those earlier platforms.

Q: Are patients satisfied with Teneo results?

Well, I can tell you that with patient satisfaction, we had some of the highest rates we've ever had: 98%, 99% saying that they would recommend it to families and friends. They would do it again if they had to. So obviously, at those levels, you can't please everybody. You can't make everybody happy. You know, you'd love to make all of them smile and walk out the door, but [I've] got to tell one anecdote. And I'm not sure if this is great, but one of the patients postop said to me, I love you almost as much as I love Jesus now. So obviously that's a good thing in terms of the outcome. So I think that we're happy that patients are happy. But we also now have these questionnaires. So they're happy in low light, they're happy in bright sunny days. They're happy in... they're getting up to go hunting or they're getting up to take their kids to school. So I think that's important.

Q: What do you like about the Teneo platform?

So the Teneo is a new platform. I like to tell you the things that I like about it. The No. 1 thing that I like about it any surgeon, especially my residents and fellows that work with me, are what...they're concerned about what do I put in the box? What do I put in the laser? So what's the manifest refraction? So we're talking about high myopia. We just put the manifest in the box. This is not nomogrammed information, and you had 20/20, 20/25 level of vision that was stable in the high 90 range. And so patients are coming back happy, and it's the surgeon's comfort. Now, don't get me wrong, I'm sure we're going to nomogram things down the road to even fine-tune that more, but this is off the manifest refraction. So we're not cycloplegia-ing these patients anymore. We're not having to do... with the nonmydriatic cameras we can look at the retina. So if I see something abnormal in the retina, then I'm going to send this patient category off to see the retinologist, because it's important at this level to make sure they don't have any holes or tears. But it's a very convenient laser, because you can come in, I can manifest you, you don't have to go through the dilation process, and get great outcomes.

Q&A with Karl Stonecipher, MD, on outcomes of LASIK using the Teneo platform to correct high myopia

New studies supported by the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) National Eye Institute (NEI) Intramural Research Program suggest that the drug reserpine, approved for high blood pressure in 1955, has the potential of treating retinitis pigmentosa in the form of a small molecule therapy. Currently, no therapy exists for the inherited retinal disease (IRD).

 The studies were published in a singular report in 

“The discovery of reserpine’s effectiveness may greatly speed therapeutics for retinitis pigmentosa and many other inherited retinal dystrophies, which can be caused by one of more than a thousand possible mutations affecting more than 100 genes. Reserpine’s neuroprotective effect is independent of any specific underlying gene mutation,” said the study’s lead investigator, Anand Swaroop, PhD, senior investigator at NIH’s National Eye Institute, in the release.

In the latest study, researchers evaluated the therapeutic potential of reserpine for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a dominant form of the disease caused by a mutation in the visual pigment gene rhodopsin, by using a P23H-1 rat model and performing a series of assays to evaluate the response to reserpine treatment on retinal pathology. Reserpine was administered via intraperitoneal injection, with data collected through optokinetic tracking; ERG recordings; fundus imaging and optical coherence tomography; immunohistochemistry; RNA extraction and library preparation; and RNA-seq and data analysis.

Evidence from the studies showed that reserpine improves survival of photoreceptor cells, the light-detecting retinal neurons that die due to retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal dystrophies. Compared to untreated rates, reserpine preserved the process in which photoreceptors convert light that enters the eye into electrical signals that are sent to the brain to produce vision, known as phototransduction, in rod photoreceptors.

 “The neuroprotective effect of reserpine was achieved, at least in part, through the restoration of the balance between autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the stress-response pathways maintaining cellular proteostasis,” the study authors stated.

Additionally, reserpine produced better protective effects for rod photoreceptors in female rats in comparison to male rats. Researchers also noted that significant preservation of cone photoreceptors was found more often in female rats compared to male rats.

“We can only speculate about these sex-specific differences. However, future research would benefit from teasing out these differences and understanding them to lay a foundation for personalized approaches to retinal disease therapy,” Swaroop said in the release.

Swaroop and his research team are also developing additional and more potent reserpine-related drugs to be used as options to treat late-onset or slowly progressing IRDs. These drugs may also be able to stall vision loss in different types of aggressive retinitis pigmentosa until more effective treatments are developed that can reverse said vision loss.

Although reserpine is no longer being used for treating high blood pressure due to its adverse effects, researchers hope that the low required dosage for treating retinal degeneration would quell said effects, according to the release.

Researchers note that the molecular target of reserpine in the retina remains unknown, while acknowledging the possibility for a different association in the retina. The reasons for biological sex bias in drug response must also be investigated, particularly whether retinas in female and male rats are predisposed differently to retinal pathology and interventions. “Overall, our findings highlight the broader application of small molecules derived from unbiased large-scale screening and underscore the importance of considering sex-specific differences in the development of treatments for IRDs,” the study authors stated.

Repurposing a blood pressure drug may prevent vision loss in inherited blinding diseases. News release. National Institutes of Health. April 15, 2025. Accessed May 6, 2025. 

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/repurposing-blood-pressure-drug-may-prevent-vision-loss-inherited-blinding-diseases

Song HB, Campello L, Mondal AK, et al. Sex-specific attenuation of photoreceptor degeneration by reserpine in a rhodopsin P23H rat model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. 

The drug was previously approved for high blood pressure in 1955.

James F. Hill III, OD, FAAO

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