Leo P. Semes, OD, FAAO

Evolving techniques may offer better long-term outcomes for patients

Remain vigilant to recurrences to apply potential treatments

Appropriate identification and management of pigmented fundus lesions can be made clinically

Angioid streaks are due to Bruch membrane disintegration, not elastic deterioration

Considerations in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

A wrinkled retina suggests detachment, but additional clinical findings prove otherwise